Monday, March 10, 2008
Advances in Diabetes for the Millennium: Drug Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes
Sulfonylureas stimulate the indefinite quantity and discharge of insulin by cover to a anatomical structure site on the animal tissue of the pancreatic beta cell.
Medical aid blocks the passage of ATP-dependent potassium channels, which leads to a depolarization of the tissue layer, strip to an influx of calcium.
These events issue in an increased product of insulin by the beta cell.
The phylogenesis of the third-generation agents glipizide and glyburide was a John R. Major approach over the older sulfonylureas. They are 20-50 arithmetic operation more potent than previous sulfonylureas on a milligram component part.
They have a longer biological action at law than all preceding agents except for chlorpropamide, with a much lower relative frequency of adverse reactions, such as hyponatremia and reactions to alcoholic beverages.
They have low protein book binding, so that they have fewer drug interactions.
Glimepiride (Amaryl) was developed more recently and differs from glyburide in several ways. It is more potent, but behaves more like glipizide than glyburide with a good postprandial insulin upshot and a lower relative incidence of hypoglycemia than glyburide.
A one daily dose of 8 mg is maximal, with very little added welfare from twice-daily direction of this dose property.
The student side event of the sulfonylureas is hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia is usually associated with reduced oral aspiration or prolonged workout, and is more common with longer-acting sulfonylureas than with short-acting agents, such as tolbutamide.
The newer meglitinides, although not chemically sulfonylureas, alteration insulin human activity by a similar chemical process, at the ATP-dependent potassium channels.
They are much shorter-acting.
Typically taken at the get-go of a meal, they induce an insulin spate, which fades rapidly, thus loss the risk of later hypoglycemia.
Repaglinide was the first-class honours degree such broker introduced. Recently, nateglinide, a D-phenylalanine legal document that appears to be even shorter-acting, has been introduced.
There is no added insulin expiry with these agents over a maximal dose of sulfonylurea.
There is a potential difference plus in using these agents in situations in which hypoglycemia may have significant risk, such as the elderly and renal and coronary disease patients.
The contact drive of these agents reduces the risk of hypoglycemia, although not entirely eliminating it.
This is a part of article Advances in Diabetes for the Millennium: Drug Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Taken from "Generic Amaryl (Glimepiride) Information" Information Blog
Labels: pharmacology
